THE HINDU 04-06-23
FAQ-1
What are the friction points on the LAC?
Why in news?
2020 stand off in Eastern hadabilth marks itxanniversary. Currently talks for disengagement
mainly in Depsang Plains and Demchoch has been
going at all levels.
Strategia significance of Debsang
Depsang and Demchok are
two mutually agreed
friction points between.
India and China.
Depsang plains
Chinese build up in this area is blocking Indian
army patrols. Daulat Beg oldie (DBO) has air fora
airfield.
Depsang gives route to DBO. Also.. it is close to
Karakoram, Pas, siltaro Ridge and siachen glaciers
some of Major strategic points. Depsang, has seen
several face off between two armies.
BUFFER ZONES and their
status
Both sides has to clear a
minimum distance from
friction Points.
No patrolling has to be done in
this zone. Chine has been in rabidly violating The
butter zones.
India has been using UAVS, satellite images to
confirm presence of Chinese military. On
PAGONG AREA
A → ITBP Camp.
B → Chinese Camp,
India military has to
be present before F4.
Chinese military before F8 Area between F4 and F8.
is buffer zone. Chinese military violater this and has
been coming near Fingur 4. Which is disturbing
Indian Patrolling Indian claim is till finger, 8., but
being friction area it has made buffer zone between
F4 and F8.
Disengagement Process
Five out of Seven friction points has been resolved
through talks. Two Friction points Depsang and
Demchock remains.
India position is that the two Demchock and
Depsang are friction points while China refused to
Identify these as friction points. India has told to
maintain Status quo that was before Galwan clash
in June 2020, which china refuses with this.
Besides china has been building infrastructure
along 3,488 Km Long LAC. 10th round of Corbs
Commander talk was held in chusul on Chinese sick
but remained incondusive.
FAQ-2
Are safeguards needed to make AI systems safe?
The story so far:
Centre for AI safety (CAIS) on May 30, issued a terse
statement about possible existential risk of AI.
“Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a
global priority alongside other societal scale risk
such as Pandemics and nuclear war”.
Many AI experts has agreed with this, among them
ar Sam Altma OPENAI CEO, which made Chat GPT.
Deep Mind CEO Demi’s Harsibis, Arthropic CEO
Dario Amondei.
What is the context of the statement
Two weeks earlier Sam Altman of Chatg in front of
us senate committee on the pit falls and promises of
advancement in AI had called for lawma -Kers to
intervene and place & safeguards from AI systems.
Other AI experts have also called to regulate AI
models.
Geoffry Hinton known as ‘Godfather of ‘AI’ quit
google, saying he regretted his life’s work on
developing AI systems.
What is CAIS and how its it funded?
CAIS is non profit organization based in San
Francisco. Dustin Moskovitz’s Open Philanthropy
cofounder of Facebook funds CAIS Also it gets
grants from other organisations.
What Cause CAIS support and how?
CAIS aims to mitigate existential risk arising from AI
systems that could affect society at large. It does
research and publishes papers on AI research. It
aims to develop AI benchmarks and examine AI
safety.
Why is safety. important in Machine Learning
(ML)
Decision making abilities of AI and ML are Cause of
concern. AI is being used in military, auto mobiles
and many other industries.
In one simulation: AI enabled military drone was
enabled to identify enemy’s surface to Air Missile
(SAM) Once it spots SAM a human agent was to sign
off on strike. But AI decided to blow off target
without listening to the human command.
How do we address the safety problem in AI?
Commonly accepted standards has not been put in
place regarding AI. So its Audit is completed.
Big companies do not like questioning their AI
systems, Google and Microsoft has laid off in such
cases.
FAQ-3
Kiny is India rethinking its ANAEMIA policy?
The story so four :
National Family Health Survey-6 (NFH-5-6) is
scheduled to begin on July 6 Questions related to
anemia is will be dropped from NFHS-6
NFHOS-5 (2019-21) data
57% of women in age 15-49 and 67% children
between 6month and 59 month are anemic.
NFHS-4 C (2015-16) data)
53% of women in age 15-49 and 58.6% of children
in age 6 month-59 month are anemic.
It clearly shows increase in cases related to
Anaemia.
Health ministry has noted Anemia as a public
health challenge.
What causes Anemia
In anamia number of RBC (Red blood cells) is bwer.
RBC contains hemoglobin which carries Oxygen
through blood.
It RBC is less, means less haemoglobin less capacity
of blood to carry Oxygen. Resulting in symptoms
such as fatigue weakness, dizziness and shorthen of
breath The most common cause of anemia is iron
deficiency.
What prompted the change ?
KIHO defines anemia among children ton then 5 and
pregnant women with haemoglobin concentration
<110 812.
For Non pregnant women Haemoglobin concern
tration <120 g/L means anaemia However there is
difference in the measures Haemoglobin
concentration that is reason NFHS dropping
anaemic question.
Will dietary survey help?
DABS-I is a comprehensive national level dietary
survey, it will survey on dietary intake of different
age groups of people from state and UTS. The study
will also provide nutrient composition data for
cooked and uncooked foods from various regions of
country.
NFHS data will be used to identify the need of new
programme with area specific focus.
Diet and Biomakers Survey of India
DABS-I.
Why the Focus is on fAnemia ?
Data related to anemia remains an important public
health indicator: Anemia affects mortality rate
among children, reduces Capacity of entire
population
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